Stories of Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounts of Change - Research Paper Example Purposes behind hierarchical change may remember changes for circumstances, changes in innovation; client needs changes, change because of globalization and monetary riches. Associations need to have a capacity of adjusting successfully and quickly to the change procedure for them to stay serious in today’s rapidlyâ changingâ world. Hence, hierarchical supervisors need to decide methods of sustaining the change procedure required just as decide the various methodologies required to roll out the improvement procedure viable to guarantee authoritative attainability (Gupta, 2011). It is basic for any association to acknowledge change process decidedly in the event that it needs to remain practical in the serious market. Anyway change process isn't a simple procedure, and there are such a large number of focuses that can go unethical. Among them is restriction and obstruction from workers in regards to the change procedure. Along these lines, it is basic to deal with the procedure with an exertion of lessening the opportunity of such showdown (Hayes and Richardson, 2008). As per the narratives of progress, there are 3 noteworthy mistakes introduced in the McDonald, Hewlett-Packard, and Kodak associations. For Hewlett-Packard association, Carly in 1999 turned into the company’s new CEO at a period when the organization was confronted with numerous business issues and did not have an appropriate bearing. The primary point of Carly was to rework the association to have a decent compelling progression of thoughts. During the year 2002, the organization conve rged with Compaq Computer Corp (CCP) that was an extremely major yet a frantic change process. It is basic for an association to envision a change procedure for them to respond genius effectively instead of responsively for it to be viable (Gupta, 2011). For Kodak change story, the association greatest proposal was imparting all the more successfully with laborers on the ideal change process. One of the enormous difficulties that association face is on the most proficient method to

Background of Saudi Aramco Essays

Foundation of Saudi Aramco Essays Foundation of Saudi Aramco Essay Foundation of Saudi Aramco Essay The tale of Aramco’s beginnings and the excursion the organization has taken to turn into the biggest oil organization on the planet is as wonderful as the excursion that has carried Saudi Arabia to its present remaining in the network of countries. Aramco is an organization described by versatility and the mental fortitude to make strong strides that have made it a key player in worldwide vitality security (Saudi Aramco 2012). The excursion of the organization is attached to the change the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced to turn into an advanced country state and a key player in the geopolitical circle of the Arab world as well as internationally. Having started as just an oil creating organizations that was the same as different organizations in the business at that point, Aramco has consistently developed to turn into the completely coordinated worldwide vitality undertaking that it is today with associations spreading to different pieces of the world including Asia, Europe and North America (Saudi Aramco 2012). Aramco’s venture started with the marking of an oil concession concurrence with the Standard Oil Company of California on May 29, 1933 which cleared path for the start of airborne overviews the next year. In 1935, the primary oil all around was bored and another dock was raised at al-Khobar when increasingly demonstrated oil finds were situated in Bahrain, Iraq and Persia. In 1936, the Texas Co. made a half securing of the concession and propelled activities in Bahrain. By 1939, different wells had been bored and just because, an oil big hauler shipped the principal heap of oil from Saudi Arabia. Aramco was authoritatively headed to turning into the organization it is today (Saudi Aramco 2012). By the start of the 1940s, the organization was delivering around 15,000 bpd and its workforce had developed to about 4,000. 1940 started with the revelation of the Abqaiq oil field yet during the early long periods of the 1940s, the organization confronted a few challenges including the conclusion of its treatment facility at Ras Tanura in 1941 and suspension of field mapping in 1942. 1943 saw development of advancement in the oil and gas industry because of the deficiencies occasioned by the World War II and Casoc was renamed Aramco in 1944 with central station in San Francisco and an astounding excursion of noteworthy development started. Starting at 1949, Aramco had expanded its profitability to 500,000 bpd. In 1946, the organization charged its organization working in Dhahran and the decade finished with the consummation of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline empowering Saudi Arabia to send out its oil through the Mediterranean Sea (Saudi Aramco 2012). In 1951, the Safaniya seaward oil field was found and the next year, Aramco moved its base camp to Dhahran. In 1954, the company’s creation arrived at 1 million bpd changing Aramco into an oil creation powerhouse (Saudi Aramco 2012). Investigation work at Rub’ al-Khali started in 1955 and by 1958; the company’s creation had topped 1 million bpd. The end of the 1950’s saw two Saudi nationals joining Aramco board as more Saudis accepted administrative situations inside the organization. In 1961, the organization hit one more achievement when it sent out condensed gas from its Ras Tanura office just because. By 1962, creation of unrefined petroleum had hit the 5 billion barrels mark and the next year, the organization protected its oil improving innovation. In 1965, Aramco’s oil creation arrived at 2 million bpd and the revelation of the Shaybah oil field additionally supported the company’s efficiency. The organization shut the decade with the charging of a seaward gas-oil detachment plant at the Safaniya oil field, the first of its sort in the historical backdrop of Aramco (Saudi Aramco 2012). Photograph 2: Aramco’s first seaward gas-oil partition plant at the Safaniya oil field commisioned in 1969 [Source: Aramco] During the 1970s, the Saudi Government started the procurement procedure planned for changing Aramco into a completely government claimed organization or a national oil company (NOC). It is 10 years that would observer fast development in the oil and gas industry as Aramco was working three of the biggest oil and gas extends on the planet (Saudi Aramco 2012). The organization had authoritatively started to lead the pack in oil and gas creation and assumed its legitimate position in the worldwide vitality security scene. In 1973, the Government obtained a 25% stake in Aramco followed by a further procurement of 35% in 1974 bringing the Government’s responsibility for Aramco to 60%. That year, the Ju’aymah seaward unrefined petroleum terminal was commisioned and in 1976, Aramco turned into the principal oil organization on the planet to arrive at a yield of 3 billion barrels in a single year, a fete that had not been achived by some other organization (Saudi Aramco 2012). In 1980, the Saudi Government finished securing of the staying 40% responsibility for yet the decrease in oil costs would drive the organization to rethinkk its system (Saudi Aramco 2012). At this point, the governemt claimed 100% stake at Aramco and notwithstanding the hardships in the worldwide oil advertise, Aramco made noteworthy steps. For instance, the Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center (EXPEC) was opened in 1983. Having completely gained the organization, the Saudi Government changed Aramco into Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco) and in 1989, the organization discovered oil at Hawtah denoting the start of 10 years that would observer monstrous innovation and interest in the oil and gas industry (Saudi Aramco 2012). Picture 3: Aramco’s Operations Coordination Center, the biggest of its sort in the Oil and Gas industry [Source: Aramco] Aramco started its development system decisively with the 1991 obtaining of a 35% stake in S-petroleum processing plant and harbor, Onsan, Republic of Korea (Saudi Aramco 2012). The next year, the company’s investigation endeavors yielded revelation of oil in the focal piece of the nation having penetrated its first well at Midyan. In 1993, Aramco’s merger with Samarec was finished and the next year, Aramco procured a 40% stake in Petron, an organization situated in the Philippines and in 1996, Aramco entered its first European joint endeavor. In 1999, the organization finished the restoration of the Ras Tanura processing plant before opening a Research Development Center (RDC) to initiate advancement in the oil and gas part (Saudi Aramco 2012). Picture 4: Refurbished and redesigned Ras Tanura processing plant [Source: Aramco] During the 2000s, Aramco built up organizations with different global organizations with center around gas creation just as protecting of innovation created by the company’s RDC. On this, Aramco set out on the biggest capital extension in the company’s history planned for guaranteeing solidness and dependability. To this end, the organization charged Hawiyah gas plant in 2001 and in the next year, Aramco procured Texaco’s stake in Motiva (Saudi Aramco 2012). This was trailed by the opening of the Haradh gas plant in 2003 preceding further development designs in 2004 prompted rge acquiition of stake in Showa Shell which empowered the organization to raise its yield by a further 800 thousand bpd. In 2005, Aramco went into a joint endeavor with Sumitomo Chemical Company. 2007 saw Aramco go into one more value adventure, this time in China with the Fujian Refining and Petrochemical Co. Ltd. In 2008, Aramco praised its 75th year in the oil and gas industry and the next year, the organization finished its development program raising its ability to 12 million bpd (Saudi Aramco 2012) yet with real creation averaging 9. 1 million bpd in 2011.

What I Wish Everyone Knew About Lab Reports

What I Wish Everyone Knew About Lab Reports The most effective way to demonstrate your understanding of a scientific investigation is to write a lab report. You should be able to convey to your teacher or professor that you understand the content. In a broader sense, the purpose is to share your scientific knowledge that youve gained with the scientific community. Your audience is going to want to be able to both gain knowledge from your report and to make sure that your arguments and observations are valid and based on evidence.There are several things to consider if you want to effectively communicate your findings:Do I understand the content of the experiment that Ive conducted?Is there a specific style of writing I should use?What are the specific details that should be present in each specific section?This guide will both help you think through the process and understand the standard parts that your report should include.Do you understand what happened during the investigation?Before you go about the task of writing your lab report, you must first have a firm understanding of what occurred during your experiment:Your experiment must be conducted in a scientific manner. Scientific experiments must be carried out so that you are testing only one thing at a time. For example, if you wanted to compare several substances to see how much of each one can dissolve in a given liquid such as water, you would want to keep all the conditions the same. If your substances were sugar, salt, calcium chloride, and zinc oxide, you would follow the same procedure to see how much of each one would dissolve in water (their solubility). You would need to use the same amount of water and keep all conditions the same, dissolving the substances in the same liquid until no more will dissolve.You also want to make sure that you are making accurate measurements and recording your data in a chart or in a lab notebook. Often, a professor (or lab book) will provide you with a specific step-by-step procedure to follow. If so, make sure that you are following the steps as closely as possible, asking questions of the teacher or professor as needed.When youve finished the experiment, you should make sure that you fully understand whats taken place. Consult with your lab partner if you have one to make sure that both of you are on the same page as far as your understanding. It helps to ask yourself questions once you have your data to make sure that you are ready to write up your results. Ask yourself the following questions before you begin to write your report. If you find yourself unable to answer the following questions, you may need to ask your professor for clarification, talk with your lab partner, or do some research on your own to clarify your results:What did you learn from the experiment?Can you communicate the results to someone else with clear and easy terms?Are there any questions you have about what took place?What writing style should you use?With any writing task, you must first consider your au dience. Your audience for a lab report is often a teacher or a professor, but it should also be the greater scientific community. You want to communicate in a concise, professional manner and give yourself credibility with proper grammar and research-backed observations.Remember that your audience is your professor or the greater scientific community. This means that you should write your report as if it might actually be published in a scholarly journal. Try to avoid wordy sentences and make sure that you begin each paragraph with a sentence that sets the tone for the content of that paragraph. Your thoughts and ideas should be your own. If you borrow someones ideas or quote someone, be sure to correctly cite your references according to your professor or teachers requirements.Be aware of the tense that you use. When you are referring to your results, you should use the past tense. When you are making reference to the report itself, the equipment or any theories that pertain to the research, use the present tense. For example, Sugar was found to be much more soluble in water at fifty-five degrees than salt. After measuring the solubility at several temperatures and seeing similar results, we came to the conclusion that sugar is more soluble in water than salt.Its generally a good idea to use the active voice in lab reports. This way you can express yourself in a brief manner and get to the point. For example, It was observed by the group that the solubility of substance A was much greater than substance B is passive and much less concise than the active voice: We observed a greater solubility with sugar than salt.Avoid the repetition of words to allow your writing to be more interesting and engaging. It can be tricky with science writing because you are often repeating types of equipment or concepts. Sometimes, its as simple as turning a noun into a pronoun when you need to mention the same substance or piece of equipment twice in one sentence. For example, A t fifty-five degrees Celsius, Calcium sulfate was found to be more soluble in water than when we tested it at four-five degrees.Read what you have written to be sure of sentence structure and flow, which is something that is often missed with computer spelling and grammar check programs. You can also catch obvious grammar and spelling errors as you correct and improve the structure of your sentences.How do you organize the details of a lab report?The way in which data is organized in a lab report can vary according to the standards of a school or specific requirements of a professor. However, there is a general structure that most lab reports include that more or less follows the scientific method. Most investigations framed this way require you to discuss the relevant research; discuss the purpose; form a hypothesis; test it; and then once you have the results, make the decision as to whether or not those results back up that hypothesis. Most lab reports require you to include an i ntroduction, a methods section, a results section, a discussion section, and possibly, a further reading section.The introduction is extremely important because it sets the tone for the entire report. Here, you need to include research that is related to the topic of your investigation. Once the groundwork is laid, you should state your purpose for the investigation, which is often confused with the hypothesis. The purpose is a more general statement that is narrowed with the formation of a hypothesis. For example, the statement, the purpose of this investigation is to test ideas about factors that increase the rate of a chemical reaction is a general statement. The hypothesis is a more specific statement or question that narrows or specifies the focus of the experiment: We hypothesized that increasing the surface area and temperature of the reactants would increase the rate of the reaction.The methods section is where you describe in detail the way that you tested your hypothesis. Some sources refer to this as the procedure that you followed when you tested your hypothesis. It is important to include as much detail here as possible so that someone could repeat the steps of your investigation just as you performed them. It is also important not to discuss the results in this section.In the results section, you are presenting the raw data and making statements about how it relates to your hypothesis. It is tempting to begin forming conclusions about what the results mean, but that should be reserved for the next section. Here it is enough to make short statements such as Crushing the reactants into powders resulted in shorter chemical reaction times. This is not where you would discuss why the results happened in that manner. You may also want to include charts and graphs to illustrate the relevant data. Your tables should include a title and the data should be arranged vertically. Check with your professor to see if they would prefer that information in this s ection or the appendices.The discussion section is very important because here you are fleshing out the implications of the results. In this section, you should again discuss how the data either supports or disproves your hypothesis. If there is any data that appears to be different from the rest of the information, you want to point that out. This section is where you will form a definitive conclusion based on your results: Based on the data we obtained, we can conclude that increasing the surface area of a reactant will indeed result in a faster chemical reaction. If possible, you should relate your conclusions to the research you discussed in the introduction. Finally, if there are any further questions that your conclusion brings to mind, you should discuss those here. Any practical implications or uses for the conclusions you have drawn should also be fleshed out here.Finally, many professors require a further reading section that lists references relevant to your experiment. O ften, this is a list of articles and books that explore the topic of your investigation in much more detail. This is different from a references page, which should come at the end of your report. Check with your professor as to which format they wish you to use for citing references.To write an effective lab report, it is important that you conduct your experiment in a scientific manner, testing only one factor at a time. Once you have obtained your results, make certain that you understand whats taken place, asking questions of your lab partner(s) and professor as needed. When you begin writing your report, consider your audience, making sure that you are sharing your own thoughts or ideas, and giving credit where it is due for your sources.Finally, follow the scientific method, making sure to include relevant research, a valid purpose and hypothesis, results section that clearly shows your raw data, and a discussion section that discusses its implications. If you follow this templ ate, you are not only likely to receive positive feedback from your instructor, you will also gain valuable insight into the scientific research and writing process.Relevant SourcesThe Writing CenterThoughtCo: How to Write a Lab Report

The River and A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor

God’s grace is offered to everyone no matter what his or her religion, or lack thereof. The real obstacle is whether or not the offered grace is realized and accepted. In â€Å"The River† by Flannery O’Connor an innocent child, Harry, is offered grace. He is clueless to what is going on, but he knows he is not content in the life he lives now. In addition, in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† O’Connor challenges the socially unworthy characters, The Misfit and the Grandmother, to find and accept grace. God grants all of his children the opportunity to obtain grace whether they are innocent or apparently socially unworthy. The innocent Harry and the socially unworthy Grandmother both receive grace through violence: however, the socially unworthy Misfit is offered grace but refuses it. God has a plan for all of his children which involves grace. Grace is forgiveness and the only real grace comes from God. He reveals it when he is ready and in different ways. Harry (Bevel) Ashfield in â€Å"The River† is a child that lacks attention from his immoral parents and is treated as an after-thought at best. He â€Å"is at the mercy of his rotten parents who treat him as nothing more than an inconvenience† (Sparrow 1). In his home everything is a joke and he is raised as if nothing matters (Sparrow 1). Although Harry is not materially deprived, he is spiritually malnourished. He lacks the appreciation and admiration that is needed for spiritual and moral growth from his parents (Sparrow 2).Show MoreRelatedFlannery O Connor And Religion961 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O’Connor and Religion in Literature In Flannery O’Connor’s short stories, she often relates them to religion or incorporates a religious form in her stories. O’Connor highlights Christian themes throughout her writing. From her stories familiar to the bible, to death and religious views, its simple to see O’Connor’s religious understanding of God. She ties in her Christian views through her writing, which have a distinct and unique quality. O’Connor often expresses her views of God throughoutRead More The Authors Character in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1053 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is a short story written by Flannery O’ Connor. O’Connor was an American writer whose writings always incorporated humor into a sad or devastating situation. Her collections include 31 short stories, two novels, and a couple of letters and speeches. O’Connor is most famous for her short story works. In numerous works of h er, her conscious craftsmanship was revealed and also the devoted role that Roman Catholicism plays in her life (Flannery) O’ Connor was born theRead MoreChild Abuse in Flannery O’Connors Short Story â€Å"The River748 Words   |  3 PagesChild abuse is something that is very apparent in the world but is something that people find awkward to talk about Flannery O’Connors short story â€Å"The River† talks about a young boy Harry who isn’t taken care of very well and has a hard life. Throughout the story it is presented that Harry’s parents are unfit, he is neglegted at home, and everything is joke to the family. Harry’s parents don’t really know how to raise a child. The spend their days partying and drinking. When the sitter firstRead More The Effective Use of Tone in Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find657 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effective Use of Tone in Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find Flannery OConnors short story, A Good Man is Hard to Find, begins with a Southern family preparing to go on what seems to be a typical vacation. The story is humorous at first because the reader is unaware of how the story will end. The tone changes dramatically from amusing to frightening and plays an important part in making the story effective. The narrator starts the story giving background informationRead More Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1038 Words   |  5 PagesUse of Symbolism in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor is a short story that depicts a familys vacation to Florida that turned into an abysmal tragedy when they met with the Misfit, a convict who escaped from prison. This story is meant to be interpreted as a parable, whereby OConnor made skilful use of symbolism to bring about messages such as the class-consciousness and the lack of spiritual faith that exist amongst human. Read MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor And Women Hollering Creek By Sandra Cisneros995 Words   |  4 PagesDuring a journey a person will come across a crisis or it will be an escape from a struggle or an external conflict. In the two short stories, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† by Flannery O’Connor and â€Å"Women Hollering Creek† by Sandra Cisneros, the protagonists are faced with similar crisis of limitations. On the contrary, â€Å"The Swimmer† by John Cheever describes the protagonist to be someone that has no li mitations, which led him to abuse his freedom. Although these three tales show differences theyRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesresolved is one within the protagonist’s psyche or personality. External conflict may reflect a basic opposition between man and nature (such as in Jack London’s famous short story â€Å"To Build a Fire† or Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†) or between man and society (as in Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†). It may also take the form of an opposition between man and man (between the protagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist), as, for example, in most detective fiction. Internal

The Effects Of Diabetes On Human Body - 1168 Words

Reflecting on the history of diabetes throughout the 20th century, one can note that the number of people with diabetes is a minority, at least in the United States. Notwithstanding that the diabetic compose only about 10% of the United States population, â€Å"Diabetes is the third leading of death in the United States. According to †¦ If it were included, it might as well be the leading cause of death in the United States. Recent reports [reports made in 2007] predict that 95 percent of people born today [2007] will eventually develop diabetes† (Bernstein 33). Dr. Richard Bernstein’s Dr. Bernstein’s Diabetes Solution: The Complete Guide to Achieving Normal Blood Sugars, a book about the treatment of diabetes, gave background on what diabetes†¦show more content†¦In their writing, they also mention that lethargy, tiredness, confusion may result in a coma. The two doctors of medicine mean that if someone has DKA, they will feel ill, fatigued, and m ay fall unconscious, and they clearly implied that taking a visit to the hospital is essential for the health of the patient diagnosed with DKA. In addition, diabetes may lead to heart diseases, such as Coronary Artery Disease, which blocks the flow of oxygen and other nutrients and molecules to the heart, frequently occurring through atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries). High blood pressure, or hypertension, when combined with diabetes, raises the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Diabetes can also damage the corneas in eyes, which is why it’s the leading cause of blindness. With great diversity of the effects of diabetes, the amounts of causes are just as plentiful. Type 1 diabetes is caused by lack of insulin because of beta cells, the cells in the bosdy that produce insulin, either not producing enough insulin to support the entire body or beta cells being destroyed entirely by autoimmune diseases, where white blood cells and the body’s own immune system attack the beta cells, limiting the amount of insulin being produced. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, a group of researchers providing information on various diseases, which wrote, â€Å"Certain gene variants that carry instructions for making

Cannery Row Essay Free Essays

Cannery Row Cannery Row, is not just a novel written by John Steinbeck, but it is also a very good example of huge variety of different people and human beings that are presented in most of the societies. This story tells us how people are trying to be happy and take the best out of each situation they are in, even in bad situations. The author gives us the view on the Cannery Row from different prospectives like peepholes so we can better understand the whole idea of the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Cannery Row Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now While looking from one peephole we can see that Mack and the boys are nice guys even if they steel things from other people. They are just enjoying their lives, they don’t have work because they don’t want, from one side it is very good because most people want to do what they want but not what they should. John Steinbeck is showing to us that if there is a desire people are able to do it. He shows us the Cannery Raw as a small kind of world with its own rules and values of each person living their. Mack and the boys are steeling not because they can not find any jobs, but because they just don’t want. They don’t like when anyone is controlling them, they want to be free and do what they like, enjoy their lives. I think that they are doing the right thing, because we are given our lives for enjoing them but not for spending them on the things that you don’t like. Of course it is not always this way but people must have an aim and go for it. We can see it in the novel, most of the How to cite Cannery Row Essay, Essays

Educating Rita Frank and Ritas Relationship Essay Example For Students

Educating Rita: Frank and Ritas Relationship Essay Educating Rita is a play written by playwright Willy Russell in the 1980s. Willy Russell appears to be from an educated social class but found a good basis for him to write Educating Rita from his own life. Willy Russell, born in 1947,grew up in Liverpool, and was originally from a working class background and was expected to work in either the docks or a factory. But he knew from the start that he was going to be a writer; his ambitions were achieved against all odds as he became educated and over came social boundaries. Educating Rita mirrors his life very closely; I think Willy Russell changes his main characters sex so as to make the change more poignant, as a womens place in the later 20th century was still to be a housewife and the oppressed sex.This has been challenged during this period as an outdated view, and that women were every bit as capable as a man in the workplace. Educating Rita is a play that uses these contrasted views to its own uses and shows a working class woman proving that she can have an education if she is given the chance, and the means to do so. The whole of the play takes place in just one setting giving the audience a closer and more intimate feel between the two characters as their relationship develops. In Educating Rita the relationship between Frank and Rita is constantly changing throughout the play. In Act one we see them becoming closer and in Act two we see them pulling apart; this is due to the fact that Rita earns her independence at the end of the play. This is perfectly normal as Rita learns how to socialise with other individuals despite the social class barrier and gains confidence; this process is a complete role reversal as Frank is now relying on her. It is in some ways like a parent-child relationship because Ritas character is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and innocent to begin with; she learns quickly and is soon independent. Frank doesnt like Rita becoming mature and out growing him; like the process parents go through with their teenage child. Ritas character in the play is bright bubbly and loud, this covers up her insecurities on the inside, as she doesnt know how to act. We can see this from her first entrance into the play in scene1. Rita and Franks first meeting in the play involved a rather dramatic and rude entrance by Rita who bossed Frank around and swore drawing attention onto her. The first words she said to Frank were Its that stupid bleedin handle on the door. You wanna get it fixed! To the audience this language for a first meeting seems very inappropriate and informal this may seem shocking to them, as it is the first impression she makes on her tutor. This shows the audience how little Rita knows how to act in formal situations; usually the audience would expect her to act quiet and polite. Ritas use of dialect and basic vocabulary suggests that she lives in the poorer parts of Liverpool, but that doesnt make her any less able as a student. However the audience at this time would think so because the play was a comedy and Ritas character was intended to amuse the audience with her inappropriate comments like look at those tits. Ritas constant swearing and rude language is different from the language and manners of the other students making her different and more appealing to her tutor Frank as he sees her as original. Franks character in the play is cynical and bitter. He has had many failed relationships, which imply that he is emotionally stunted, and drinks to keep his problems away. He grew up from a quite well educated background but prefers not to bother teaching; he knows this and quite openly tells Rita on their first meeting Im actually an appalling teacher. Frank seems to have lost all enthusiasm for anything since his wife left him 15 years ago; Frank tells Rita that he has stopped writing altogether; Frank used to be a poet who used to write about love but it all changed when his wife left him. Hes stuck in a dead end job and the only thing that can make him feel better is alcohol. Discuss how Shakespeare orchestrates the outcome of this scene EssayThis change in Franks character and actions also tells the audience that he is now a dependant on Rita; their roles have completely reversed since the start of the play. A good example of this is when Frank goes searching for Rita; you were so late I phoned the shop. This is also a reversal of their earlier relationship when Rita always used to come to him. Franks reaction to this is bitter with jealousy which drives Rita further away from him. The climax of their disagreements is a huge argument which involved Frank telling Rita his bitter views of what she had become to be educated. Found a better song to sing have you? No youve found a different song thats all and on your lips its shrill and hollow and tuneless This shows the audience Franks thoughts of how Rita has changed for worse in her quest to change social classes and to be accepted. In Act two scene five Ritas reply to Franks insults are You like to keep your natives thick, because they still look charming and delightful. I dont need you This destroys the very little self confidence that Frank has left and drives him into a downward spiral of alcohol abuse. Despite the huge argument in scene 5 there is still a bond connecting Frank and Rita together in the play. In the next couple of days Rita comes to Franks office to apologise, this shows the audience that she still cares about him even though previously she was swallowed up with self pride and arrogance. Frank accepts the apology because he obviously still wants to remain friends with Rita or possibly more because he asks her to come to Australia with him. Why dont you come as well? I think Frank and Rita have truly learnt a lot from each other throughout the course of the play. Rita learned from Frank one of the most important highlights of the play; Independence. Independence has given Rita the knowledge of how to support herself and most importantly of all, choice. Ill make a decision. Ill choose. Rita has beyond doubt gained choice in her decisions in life by being independent; because when you are an independent individual you dont need others to help you make your choices. Rita also learnt to be an individual through Franks harsh but honest criticism of her weak personality in Act one and Two. We evidently see this in the play as she drops the pretentious Rita side of her. I dropped that pretentious crap as soon as I saw it for what it was. Another important lessons Rita learned was gaining confidence. With all the support and comfort from Frank, Rita has learned to have confidence in herself again. It is crucial for Ritas character to have confidence in this play because without it she would have packed it in and never completed her course or be able to be an independent woman. These new changes in Rita are reflected in her new personality in Act two as she sees the world through different eyes. She has become very mature, and can now see through peoples pretentiousness. She used to look up to her friend Trish, yet has realised she is not what she seems I thought she was so cool an together she spends half her life eatin whole foods an health foods to make her live longer, an the other half tryin to kill herself Frank learns a lot from Rita as well, he learns to appreciate things from another perspective Assonance is getting the rhyme wrong. This relationship with Rita has also made Frank see that he should be more independent too because people change for good and for bad, despite Ritas criticism Frank also learns from this. He learns how to improve himself into a better person and change his flaws as Rita pointed out that he was too jealous. Their relationship at Act two scene seven is similar to the one they had in the middle of the play but the difference is now they are both truly independent individuals, they like and only need each other out of choice.

Logistics Supply Chain Management and Materials Essay Example

Logistics: Supply Chain Management and Materials Essay Logistics comprises of relatively large number of managerial activities. Discuss five of these activities and why they are important of the logistics system. Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements Logistics is responsible for the movement and storage of materials as they move through the supply chain. Depending on the circumstances, many other activities can be included in logistics. Sometimes an organization might include sales forecasting, production scheduling, customer service management, overseas liaison, third party operations, and so on. If you follow some materials moving through an organization, you can see that the following activities are normally included in logistics Procurement / purchasing: The flow of materials through an organization is usually initiated when procurement sends a purchase order to a supplier. This means that procurement finds suitable suppliers, negotiates terms and conditions, organizes delivery, arranges insurance and payment, and does everything needed to get materials into the organization. In the past, this has been seen as a largely clerical job centered on order processing. Now it is recognized as an important link with upstream activities, and is being given more attention. Warehousing: moves materials into storage, and takes care of them until they are needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Logistics: Supply Chain Management and Materials specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Logistics: Supply Chain Management and Materials specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Logistics: Supply Chain Management and Materials specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many materials need special care, such as frozen food, drugs, alcohol in bond, chemicals that emit fumes, animals, and dangerous goods. As well as making sure that materials can be available quickly when needed, warehousing also makes sure that they have the right conditions, treatment and packaging to keep them in good condition Materials handling moves materials through the operations within an organization. It moves materials from one operation to the next, and also moves materials picked from stores to the point where they are needed. The aim of materials handling is to give efficient movements, with short journeys, using appropriate equipment, with little damage, and using special packaging and handling where needed. Inventory control: It considers the materials to store, overall investment, customer service, stock levels, order sizes, order timing and so on. Location: Some of the logistics activities can be done in different locations. Stocks of finished goods, for example, can be held at the end of production, moved to nearby warehouses, put into stores nearer to customers, passed on to be managed by other organizations, or a range of alternatives. Logistics has to find the best locations for these activities – or at least play a significant role in the decisions. It also considers related questions about the size and number of facilities. These are important decisions that affect the overall design of the supply chain

euthanasia1 essays

euthanasia1 essays The option of self-deliverance for the terminally ill person is the ultimate civil liberty. Over the past twenty years major controversy has spawned over the issue of euthanasia: a persons right to die. The American courts have been burdened with determining whether or not the Constitution gives the American people the right to allow others to take their lives, and have failed to come up with a definitive answer. There are several aspects to suicide and the law, but we are only going to discuss a few of them. First of all we will examine why anyone would want to take their own life and decipher the differences between a rational suicide and an irrational suicide. Secondly we will look at ways assistance has played in the area of suicide. Next, we'll look at what the constitution says and see if any of the states have allowed suicide. Finally, we'll study some of the cases that have been brought before the American courts. Suicide has become a big part of American society; year after year more people are taking their own lives for many different reasons. A lot of philosophers have broken down all the reasons of suicides into two different categories, rational suicide and irrational suicide. A rational suicide has been given five basic criteria that usually must be met for the person's act to be considered rational. The five criteria which a person must show for their suicide to be considered rational are, "the ability to reason, realistic world view, adequacy of information, avoidance of harm, and accordance with fundamental interests." Another opinion of rationality of suicide is, "it is the best thing for him from the point of view of his own welfare-or whether it is the best thing for someone being advised, from the point of view of that person's welfare". People have to characterize suicides because a lot of times they don't understand what that person is going through so by grouping them and plac ing crit...

Will more gun law lead to less gun violence Research Paper

Will more gun law lead to less gun violence - Research Paper Example A lower percentage of people consider protecting the legal right to own a gun as opposed to protecting people from gun associated violence. Anti-gun-control opinions are that if more states amended compulsory laws for criminals who commit crimes using guns, violence will be unaffected since such laws have been in existence but have failed to cut down crime. More laws on handguns have not had any significant effect on murder levels due to the high rate of handguns already in circulation before the laws took effect. Laws that seek to reduce guns in criminals hands might fail to reduce violence because active criminals can steal them or they can buy from the black market (Lott 34). As difficult as it may be to accept, the truth is that it is not very possible to stop a shooter no matter the number of guns present. The only way to stop or lessen gun violence is to prevent the offender from acquiring the guns first. It is not convincing to argue that guns save life, as some people will say, since with 300 million guns already circulating, no solution has been evidenced but laws discouraging acquisition of more guns may be a logical

Human Resources Management slp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Resources Management slp - Essay Example Human resource management aims to set meaningful goals and ensures that these goals are met for the future growth and success of an organization (Kaushik, 2009). Before hiring an employee, it is important for the human resource person to have a written job description on hand. A good job description includes the detailed information about the job such as the duties and responsibilities of the employee, the qualifications needed to fit in the job, and the experiences and general skills needed to be carried out by the chosen candidate. A job description is an important aspect in hiring employees since it serves as a guide for determining if an employee is well suited for the job, it ensures that the qualifications needed are matched with the potential candidate, and it serves as the foundation in constructing possible interview questions (Wolf, n.d.). Developing a good job description is a significant task for the human resource people. It serves as communication tools for the success of the organization since employees get to learn and be aware of their duties and functions. Without it, employees will tend to be confused of the workplace they are in because they do not know what is expected from them. With job descriptions, employees are provided with a clearer view of the picture about the company thus paving the way for a better communication between them and the organization. Aside from that, it also tells employees where they fit in the picture so they could perform their duties effectively (Heathfield,

Career Profile: Physical Therapy Assistant

Career Profile: Physical Therapy Assistant Health Care Career: Physical Therapy Assistant Rodny German Sotolongo Job Description Physical therapy assistants (PTAs) offer care in varying forms including teaching clients/patients exercises for purposes of mobility, coordination and strength, training patients on how to use mobility aids such as walkers, cranes or crutches (American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), 2014). They also offer massage and train patients on the same as well as use of electrotherapy and physical agents such as electrical stimulation and ultrasound. Therefore, PTAs usually offer physical therapy services while under the supervision and direction of licensed physical therapists. These services are offered to persons of different ages with medical conditions or problems or any other health-related condition, which limits their capability to move or undertake functional activities during their everyday lives (APTA, 2014). Additionally, PTAs also measure any changes in the performance of a patient due to the physical therapy that has been offered. Their work settings vary from outpatient clinics, hospitals, nursing homes, schools, home health to sports facilities and private practices. The scope of practice for the PTAs as set by the APTA consists of examining patients and their histories, testing and measuring their strength, balance, range of motion, muscle performance, coordination, posture, motor function and respiration under the supervision and direction of a licensed PT (APTA, 2014). They may also be involved in implementing the various patients’ treatment plans through the various modes of therapy to ensure continuity of care. With continuing treatment, progress is documented, and modifications may be made and implemented according to the PTs directions. The standard code of ethics for PTAs as delineated by the House of Delegates of the APTA emphasizes the special obligation of a PTA to ensure that a patient achieves greater independence, wellness and health as well as improved life quality (APTA, 2008). This is achieved by respecting patients’ rights and dignity, being compassionate and trustworthy, abiding by the law during decision-making and demonstrating integrity in their workplace. They should also enhance their competence by acquiring skills, knowledge and abilities. Education, Registration and certification A PTA education should be obtained from an accredited college or university after a two-year CAPTE-accredited associate degree. The program usually takes two years comprised of five semesters during which general education, clinical education and physical therapy courses are offered. The contents of primary physical therapy include although not limited to physiology and anatomy, biomechanics, kinesiology, exercise physiology, clinical pathology, neuroscience, behavioral sciences, ethics/values and communication (Education Portal, 2013). About 75 percent of a PTA curriculum is based on lab and classroom (didactic) study with the remaining 25 percent being dedicated for clinical education. A PTA student must also spend an average of 16 weeks on full-time experiences of clinical education. Ideally, the whole program costs about 7,816 dollars and 26,493 dollars in tuition fees in public and private institutions annually respectively according to 2008 approximations. Upon completion of the PTA program, one is awarded an associate degree in Physical Therapy Assistant. In order to practice as a PTA, one ought to be registered, certified or licensed by the particular state he/she wishes to work in, which requires passing of the National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE) (APTA, 2014). This exam is administered by the State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT). Completion of continuing education is also necessary in order to ensure that certification or licensure is maintained. Besides, PTAs are expected to be CPR certified. Employment The job outlook for this career shows a high demand for PTAs within the healthcare workforce despite the downturn in the economy. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that there will be a 35 percent growth in PTA employment between 2008 and 2018, which is a much faster rate of growth than any other healthcare occupation as the demand for their services grows. For example, in the month of October there were 2500 PTA jobs advertised in LinkedIn. Apparently, there are jobs that require one to have some experience while others welcome even those without experience (Education Portal, 2013). Ideally, those with experience are more preferable due to the skills, knowledge and the abilities that they possess, which at the same time warrants a higher pay compared to those without experience. The latter definitely start with a lower remuneration. Entry-level PTAs often start with a median salary of $42,100 although it may be as low as $32,420 while experienced PTAs earn a median salary of $52,160, which may rise up to about $62,360. Usually, becoming a PTA is only a beginning because there are various opportunities for career development with or without advancement in education. One can advance knowledge and skills in one field out of the many that include geriatric, pediatric, cardiopulmonary, integumentary, musculoskeletal or neuromuscular (APTA, 2014). Fellowship programs enable one to obtain skills and knowledge in a physical therapy subspecialty. They usually require at least 1000 hours of clinical experience in three years or 36 months. One can as well advance by undertaking postprofessional degrees such as postdoctoral programs or postprofessional ScD and PhD programs. Professional Activities APTA is the only professional body for physical therapists. In fact, PTA students can join and nationally the student 2014 membership charge stood at $80 with variations from state to state (APTA, 2014). Various journals have been publishing research issues related to physical therapy including the Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal located in Caroline Street of St. Louis, MO, the Journal of Physical Therapy published in Mullana-Amabala, Haryana, India and the Journal of the American Physical Therapy published in Baltimore. In most of the states, Continuing Educational Units (CEUs) are required for purposes of renewing practice licenses. CEUs are therefore required during every renewal with variations in the number of hours from state to state. For example, in the state of Alabama only 6 hours are required, 24 hours for Arkansas, none for Colorado, 20 hours for Illinois and 30 hours for Oklahoma among others (Arkansas State Board of Physical Therapy (ASBPT), 2014). These continuing education requirements can be met in various ways including taking or attending seminars or lectures related to the profession either in person or online. Courses may as well be offered by accredited professional organization on relevant topics (Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, 2008). Similarly, promoting a profession to outside audiences may satisfy the continuing education requirement leading to earning of a CEU. Each CEU comprises of ten hours of taking part in recognized continuing education session with qu alified sponsorship and instruction. Reflection/ Personal career Plan I believe that I can fit in this career field because of my desire to work with and assist persons with functional problems or ill health, with the aim of assisting them achieve functional abilities. At the end of the therapeutic regime, we (patient and I) will be able to see the results culminating from our hard work, a sign of valuable contribution to the recovery of an individual as well as quality of his life (APATA, 2014). This is bound to give me great satisfaction in my career as a PTA. Besides, I am a compassionate, caring and kind person with a passion of helping people. In order to be a professional PTA, my goal is to graduate as a competent entry-level PTA who functions effectively under supervision and direction of a licensed PT in the next two years. My learning objectives include acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities appropriate to enable practice as a PTA as well as to instill in me value-based behaviors required for the profession. Further, in order that I may achieve my career goals and objectives I should ensure that, I am good in mathematics and physical sciences such as Biology, Chemistry and Anatomy among others (APTA, 2011). Besides, I will learn by example from my mentors, supervisors and senior students on the best PTA practices. References American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). (2008). Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical Therapist Assistant. Alexandria: American Physical Therapy Association. American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). (2011). Values-Based bheaviors for the Physical Therapy Assistant. Alexandria: American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). (2014). Practice and Patient Care. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from American Physical Therapy Association: http://www.apta.org/PatientCare/ Arkansas State Board of Physical Therapy (ASBPT). (2014). Continuing Education. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from Arkansas State Board of Physical Therapy: http://www.arptb.org/education/ Education Portal. (2013). Physical Therapy Assistant: Overview of Career Education. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from Education Portal: http://education-portal.com/articles/Physical_Therapy_Assistant_Overview_of_Career_Education.html Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy. (2008). Jurisdiction Licensure Reference Guide: Continuing Competence. Baltimore: Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy.

Post Colonial Perception on the Grass Is Singing Essay

The Grass Is Singing, first published in 1950, was an international success. The story focuses on Mary Turner, the wife of a farmer, who is found murdered on the porch of her home. After her body is found, we are taken back to her younger days and slowly discover what happened to her. The background, location of this story is set in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in South Africa which has been drawn from Doris Lessing’s own childhood spent there. Her first hand knowledge of living on a farm in South Africa shines through in this book. The land, the characters, the farming are all vividly described. Both of her parents were British: her father, who had been crippled in World War I, was a clerk in the Imperial Bank of Persia; her mother had been a nurse. In 1925, lured by the promise of getting rich through maize farming, the family moved to the British colony in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Doris’s mother adapted to the rough life in the settlement, energetically trying to reproduce what was, in her view, a civilized, Edwardian life among savages; but her father did not, and the thousand-odd acres of bush he had bought failed to yield the promised wealth. Similar sequences are presented in the book. Doris Lessing was born Doris May Tayler in Persia (now Iran) on October 22, 1919. She is a great female British writer and in October 2007, became the eleventh woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in its 106-year history, and its oldest recipient ever. Lessing has written many novels, short stories and tales, drama, poetry and comics of which novels like The Grass Is Singing, The Golden Notebook are the most popular and her works continue to be reprinted. Lessing realized that she had quite an amazing life but didn’t know how to attack it when she started writing a book. She read a newspaper cutting about a white mistress murdered by her black cook, none knows why and he is waiting to be hanged. However, Doris knew perfectly well why he had committed this crime because of her upbringing. For example, there was a lady gossiped about in her neighborhood that she allowed her cook-boy to button up the back of her dress and brush her hair. It is appalling and awful, she says. It was a violation of the white behavior. But she didn’t behave like a white mistress. She had treated him like a friend and then started treating him like a servant. They were treated abominably. It was said that the white mistresses didn’t know how to treat their servants and obviously it was a sex thing. In African culture, for women to tell a man what to do was impossible. Yet, all these houses had men-servants and the white mistresses spoke to them in high, harassed, angry voice. They couldn’t talk to them like people. The author chooses to start this novel by the end. It begins with a brief newspaper clipping, suggesting the murder of Mary Turner under the headline ‘Murder Mystery’. However, it certainly is not a murder mystery as we are told the suspect has confessed the crime and there is no serious effort to unravel the crime. It is not who but why behind the murder. Lessing’s purpose is quite different. She wants to establish an end point in order to examine the extremely fl awed society in which it occurs. The author has given the reader a place, an event and a social problem all before her narrative begins. Lessing wrote two books, one of them at long-hand after returning home to the farm. The other one, in which she made fun of the white culture, was mannered. This helped her to write about the white culture in Southern Rhodesia in ‘The Grass Is Singing’. According to Ruth Whittaker, one of the readers of Lessing’s works, this novel is â€Å"an extraordinary first novel in its assured treatment of its unusual subject matter†¦ Doris Lessing questions the entire values of the Rhodesian white colonial society.† The novel reflects its author’s disapproval of sexual and political prejudices and colonialism in the Southern African setting through the life of Mary Turner and a fatal relationship with their black servant. On the surface, it seems a psychological and personal portrayal of a female protagonist from childhood to death but seen as a whole, it is the political exposure of the futility and fragility of the patriarchal and colonial society upon which the masculinity of imperialism has sustained itself. The whole novel can be seen as Mary’s struggle towards individuation to preserve her authenticity and sense of self but it fails because of the psychological and the political forces which furnish her little insight and threaten to crush her. I attempt to show how Lessing portrays Mary’s subjectivity as shaped and entangles within the ideological triangle of class, gender and race; and how the same sexual and ideological factors, rooted in family and culture, causes failure in Mary’s achieving her own sense of self and dooms her to death. Mary is fragmented between two contradictory statuses: on one hand she longs to be a subject of her life, to live in a way she desires, and on the other hand she unconsciously performs a role as an object of the white oppressive structure of a colonial society which extracts meaning of her personal self and imposes its values forcing, the individual to yield to the good of the collective. Mary’s subjectivity and behavioral pattern are shaped by the cross-hatched intersection of class, gender and race through the operation of sexual and political colonialism in the context of imperialism. Gender and Class: The early sketch of Mary’s characterization entails a subjectivity negotiating between gender and class positions. Mary’s early childhood is shaped under the influence of an oppressive father who wastes his money on drinks while his family lives in misery and poverty. Her mother, â€Å"a tall scrawny woman† who â€Å"made a confidante of Mary early†¦and used to cry over her sewing and Mary comforted her miserably†, is her first model of gender role: a passive and helpless woman, dominated by the overwhelming masculine patterns, nonetheless the complying of victim of poverty. Besides sharing the pains of poverty and living in â€Å"a little house that was like a small wooden box on slits† and the twelve month quarrel of her parents over money, Mary has been the witness of their sexuality and her mother’s body in the hands of a man who was simply not present for her. All her life, Mary tries to forget these memories but in fact she has just suppressed them with the fear of sexuality which comes up later nightmarishingly in her dreams. By seeing her mother as a feminine victim of a miserable marriage, she internalizes a negative image of feminity in the form of sexual repression, inheriting her mother’s arid feminism. Race and Gender: The narrator exposes that the Turners’ failure at farming and their poverty and reclusiveness have made them disliked in the district. The Turners’ primitive condition of life is irritating for other white settlers because they do not like the natives to see themselves live in the same manner as the whites, which would destroy that spirit de corps â€Å"which is the first rule of South African society†. This anxiety is more political than economic based on the opposition of white/black. ln this way, another complex clash of value system, besides gender and class, is added to the narrative structure of the novel and that is the matter of race. Colonialism is based on the white men’s spirit of venture for missionary and farm life through their settlement in the third world countries and harvesting their resources by establishing the imperial authority over the native people. The white men, by enslaving the native men on the lands they have in fact stolen fro m them and feminizing some others in their house chores, preserve their own position as masters in the center and the natives as â€Å"Others† in the margin. They use race and gender, two inseparable qualifiers, to access their privilege of power in the imperial hierarchy and legitimize their actions. Gender and race are components of this hierarchy by which the white settlers attempt to establish their own rules and security in the alien land. The binary of white/black reminds us of race difference which itself is linked and dependent on other differences, more importantly gender. White women are objectified as unattainable property of white men through stereotyping the native men as violent, savage and sexually threatening. These double strategies both take the individuality from white women and colonize them as sexual objects always in danger and in need of the heroic protection of their white men and help the white men overcome their fear and jealousy for the superior sexual potency of the black men. The dominant White culture projects â€Å"all of those qualities and characteristics which it most fears and hates within itself† on the natives which creates for the subordinate group â€Å"a wholly negative cultural identity†. Similarly Jan Mohamed notes that: â€Å"the native is cast as no more than a recipient of the negative elements of the self that the European projects onto him†. The patriarchal myth of white woman as white man‘s property and symbol of his power and the â€Å"forbidden fruit† for black man expels women from subjective roles by imposing on them the view that they are unable to handle the black laborers. Therefore the white women are convinced that they cannot share power with the white men especially in the farm life which is the current context of masculinity, tough work, action: challenge beyond domesticity. So they are confined in the domestic sphere and considered shiftless. Charlie Slatter, the most successful and powerful farmer of the district in this novel, makes a joke of it: â€Å"Needs a man to deal with niggers. Niggers don‘t understand women giving them orders. They keep their own women in their right places†. In such colonial discourse, the black natives, employed whether as domestic servants in feminine sphere or as impoverished agricultural workers, are represented as wild, violent, potential rapists, and threatening the white women who need the white men‘s protection against the natives. In this way, white patriarchy makes a heroic scenario for itself. During the first scene in which Moses touches Mary, she is alarmed at the sensation and feels certain that it is a prelude to rape. Instead, he pushes her gently on the bed, and covers her feet with her nightgown. Even in the later scene in which Moses is caught by the Englishman in a moment of scandalousl y inappropriate contact with Mary, he is caught pulling a dress over her head with â€Å"indulgent uxoriousness†. The insinuations of tenderness, indeed romance between Moses and Mary appear in this moment to offer a radical alternative to the prototypical script of rape applied to all relationships between white women and black men during the apartheid era. Any doubt as to Moses’s fundamentally violent nature is also eradicated in the final scenes in which he returns to batter Mary to death. In the sexual politics of the colonial myth, white women are victims as the native subjects are in the racial politics. A woman who is privileged racially can simultaneously experience gender limitations and class difference within her own category, like in the case of Mary Turner. Mary fails to preserve her individuality because she is not able to resist the strong master narratives of the false colonial and patriarchal myth of superiority of her culture through the discourse of gender and race which place her firmly in a predetermined position. Marginalization: Lessing has described the feelings of the characters, especially of Mary profoundly. The description of Mary, her wishes and her behavior, is done in a rather psychological way proving Mary Turner’s life tragic. She is effectively forced into marriage by the weight of social expectations and traditions. She never loves her husband, but she is, at least initially, glad to have one, as it makes her â€Å"normal†. From the moment she marries, she is engaged in a losing battle to hold on to her own identity and survive this marriage. We can distinguish Mary as a victim of marginalization. This is mainly because her needs for development are not considered by her husband and she plays no role in influencing decisions for their house. Since she is bewildered by Dick’s house which consists of a corrugated iron roof, zinc bath, skins of animals on red brick floor – all old and badly maintained, with her own saved money Mary brings flowered materials and cushions t o make curtains, a little linen, crockery and some dress lengths (61). Further she asks Dick for ceilings over corrugated iron roof but he refuses saying that it would cost too much and they may have it done next year if they do well (63). Dick is now instead investing in other things like setting up a grocery store, growing maize, harvesting beehives, pigs, turkeys, etc. that he thinks would help them grow rich less realizing his wife felt sick with the heat when she stayed in the house under the iron roof. Unfortunately, Dick keeps failing at every attempt of his to improve their condition. Mary is, all the time, counting money wasted on Dick’s various attempts at different jobs which could have improved the condition of their house. Here, Dick has never taken into account Mary’s guidance and excluded her from making or influencing his decisions before going on with these jobs. We can, hence, distinguish Mary as a victim of marginalization, the marginalized. Perhaps Mary’s tragedy is all the deeper on account of the fact that she never realizes that the native Africans who must work the farms of the white settlers are just as much tragic victims as she is. The natives are deprived of their own land and looked down with contempt. The black native men are made to serve the white colonies. Much of the discourse around the British colonies in postmodernism is centered on the exploitation of the resources and the people from the colonies, leading to a feeling of racial superiority on the part of the colonizer. This deep-seated racism is clearly evident in Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing as none of the white colonials are sympathetic or even see the Zimbabweans as fully human. Mary too treats all her house boys dreadfully; she despises their carelessness, their laziness, and their failure to pander adequately to her. At one moment, when she replaces her sick husband in the fields, she is thoroughly brutal with the black farm hands. However, I feel that Lessing’s novel is less concerned about showing the misery felt by the Zimbabweans for the hand they were dealt by the colonial Empire and more about showing the toll colonialism has on those who do not belong there. What Lessing is really showing is how damaging the colonial psyche can be when one is not equipped for it. One is left with a sense that when prejudice and false ideas generated by self-interest become institutionalized, they cloud the perception of people so thoroughly that even the victims are capable of victimizing others. In spite of its formulaic narrative, The Grass Is Singing has nonetheless been read as a progressive critique of â€Å"injustice, racism, and sexual hypocrisy,† in part because of its open investigation of gender and sexuality. It is through Mary’s predicaments as a woman and in particular as a member of the working class that The Grass Is Singing opens up potentially radical grounds for sympathy. At first glance, Mary’s stereotypical obsession with domesticity combined with scorn for all her black servants recalls Ronald Hyam’s caricature of white women in the colonies as â€Å"[m]oping and sickly, narrowly intolerant, vindictive to the locals, despotic and abusive to their servants†. For some, however, Mary’s plight is a more realistic and â€Å"tragic example of how hardship and isolation can destroy even the most independent of women† (Fishburn 2). Indeed, her intolerance for her black servants becomes more complex when read as a displaced resistance against the patriarchal norms of her society. Mary’s belligerence is a clear projection of her anger against an unsatisfactory marriage and the oppressive, gendered social norms that led to its existence. Dick’s attitude towards her is never hostile or abusive, but she persistently resents him for things that she knows he is not able to help, such as his string of financial failures, the unbearable poverty, and the virtual absence of any company or entertainment at the farm. Even among other white people, such as the nearby Slatter family, Mary feels too much pride and humiliation to express the full depths of her loneliness and despair. It is only in the presence of her black servants that she feels able to release the full-blown rage and intolerance that have clearly erupted from elsewhere. What really killed Mary Turner? Various critics have expressed confusion over why the dialectic must necessarily be resolved by Moses’s murder of Mary. A reviewer in The Doris Lessing Newsletter asked, â€Å"Why does Moses murder Mary?† The TLS queried, â€Å"Why does he feel he has to kill her?† and The Listener demanded, â€Å"Is this the only possible outcome?† (11) Lessing leaves Moses’s inner states shrouded in mystery: after his act of murder, â€Å"what thoughts of regret, or pity, or perhaps even wounded human affection were compounded with the satisfaction of his completed revenge, it is impossible to say† (206). Equally cryptic is the fact that Mary herself becomes complicit in her own murder, to the extent that she runs toward Moses, sure of the fact that he should kill her. This desire to die is prefaced by an unbearable, tragicomic sense of her South African history. Shortly before her death, Mary peruses volumes of books celebrating the legacy of Cecil Rhodes, and she laughs long and bitterly, thinking absent-mindedly to herself, â€Å"But the young man [Moses] would save her† (199). As she lies down to sleep on the night of the murder, she â€Å"turned her face into the darkness of the pillows, but her eyes were alive with light, and against the light she saw a dark, waiting shape. †¦ Propelled by fear, but also by knowledge, she rose out of bed, not making a sound† (203). As Mary makes her way onto the veranda, â€Å"the trees stood still and waited† until finally Moses appears, and â€Å"at the sight of him, her emotions unexpectedly shifted, to create in her an extraordinary feeling of guilt, but towards him, to whom she had been disloyal, and at the bidding of the Englishman† (204). As she opens her mouth to apologize, Moses clasps one hand over her mouth to silence her and with the other hacks her head with a blunt instrument. â€Å"And then the bush avenged itself: that was her last thought†. Mary’s cognizance of the murder as one compounded by her own guilt and by vengeance, rather than unwarranted aggression, shows a strange ability to forgive her own murderer even as he performs the act that she knows he is compelled to do. Charles Sarvan argues that Mary’s death has religious and apocalyptic overtones in that she decides â€Å"to offer herself as a sacrifice which will both atone for past crimes and hasten the coming of the new order†. Well if it came down to forensics it would be clear that the killer was Moses. But Mary Turner was long gone before Moses took a machete to her. This begs the question then of what really killed Mary Turner? In my opinion, I would argue that the real killer was the African outback. Lessing’s protagonist Mary spent her whole life in the African colony, and yet she never seems to fully belong. She spends the first half of her life in the town where she is blissfully and naively happy. Yet, even in the town Mary remains an outsider. Mary belongs to an English community and therefore must conform to English standards for women. She loves England (despite never having been there) so she performs her civic duty and jumps into a marriage with a poor farmer living deep in the African outback. A marriage in town is nothing like a marriage in the country and Mary quickly realizes it. She is uprooted from the life she immensely enjoyed in town and is planted into a decrepit farm house that is falling apart around her. The misery she feels about her living conditions is no match for the true conditions of Africa she sees for the first time. In the outback, Mary is confronted with the reality of colonialism- the natives- and she can not mentally or physically stand it. When the natives are far away working for Dick, Mary can at least barely tolerate living on the farm. However, when confronted with the natives in her home she unravels. In the African outback this idea of British civilization falls to pieces because as Sarah De Mal says in her article â€Å"Doris Lessing, Feminism, and the Representation of Zimbabwe, â€Å"the omniscient narrator describes how the main protagonist feels displaced within colonial culture since her desires and dreams are at odds with the prevailing values and rules of this culture† (De Mal 36). What Mary dreams of is a life in town, away from the natives working as a typist in an ordinary office living with other white colonists. Her reality is far removed from this as she is living with the true colonials whom she resents and despises as being the â€Å"other†. And when this â€Å"other† characterized by Moses confronts her and invades her space, her mind and her body deteriorates rapidly until she resembles merely a shell of a human being. Moses is a direct confrontation of the fantasy Mary has. She envisions herself as an English rose whose purity must not be tainted by the black man. Yet when Moses physically touches her and confronts her about her attitude towards him, Mary falls apart. By these two acts, Moses has killed her fantasy by forcing her to see him as a human being. Mary can no longer pretend she has superiority over him as a white woman. It is this realization that kills her for after she submits the Moses’ humanity she loses all sanity. Moses only finished the process by ending her physical life. I believe all in all Moses was the end of Mary. However, it was not his machete that killed her. What killed her was his which is the reality of the colony and the people who lived there. Her fantasy of being a true and righteous English woman could not hold up against the vastness of Africa and this reality broke her spirit and left her as empty as she had envisioned the African outback to be. Conclusion Mary Turner is not able to grasp her own identity because her identity is compounded by the overpowering colonial and gender narratives in which she is knit. The colonial ruling power dictates that she as an individual has to behave according to the terms imposed by her imperial identity. Even her disintegration must be silenced because it threatens the whole authority of the dominant category. Mary fails in her journey of self-quest but she is the heroine of this novel because she reverses the social, racial and cultural orders of her society though unconsciously. As in Katherine Fishburn‘s words, she is as an â€Å"accidental rebel† who at least dissolves the dichotomous orders and consequently reveals for the reader the fear and falsity of the white civilization whose indictment is the division between privileged white and the dispossessed black. (Fishburn 4) Sima Aghazadeh quotes, â€Å"by her death, Mary paves the way for the native (Africa/Moses) to take a subject ive action†. She cannot guarantee her own identity since she does not have any antidote to loneliness, poverty and gender limitations, but she foreshadows a change in Imperial attitudes. The Grass is Singing, through its circular narration from a collective perspective of Mary’s murder to an individual account of her personal life, completes an indictment of its central character’s life in the center of a closed white colonial society in southern Africa in which the linked discourses of class, race, and gender bring her into exclusion, isolation, break down, and finally to death. Mary’s failure of individuation is the failure of patriarchy and colonial culture to satisfy its female member to find fulfillment within this status quo. References: * Fishburn, Katherine. â€Å"The Manichcan Allegories of Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing†, Research in Literature, Vol.25, No.4 Winter I994. * Wang, Joy. â€Å"White postcolonial guilt in Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing.† Research in African Literatures 40.3 (2009): 37+. Academic OneFile.Web. 15 Sep. 2012. * Fishburn, Katherine. â€Å"The Manichean Allegories of Doris Lessing’s The Grass Is Singing.† Research in African Literatures 25.4 (1994): 1-15. * Postcolonial African Writers- A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook – Pushpa Naidu Parekh, Siga Fatima Jagne – Google Books * http://www.dorislessing.org/biography.html * Doris Lessing – Writer – -The Grass Is Singing- – Web of Stories – http://www.webofstories.com/play/53470?o=MS * The Grass is Singing by Doris Lessing – http://www.dorislessing.org/the.html * The Grass is Singing – Doris Lessing – Review – Life and death in South Africa – http://www.dooyoo.co.uk/printed-books/the-grass-is-singing-doris-

Excretion and Osmoregulation Essay

In every aspect of an environment, there is a variance in the concentration of fluids present in the environment and the bodies of organisms. Osmoregulation is the regulation of water and ion concentrations in the body. Keeping this regulation precise is critical in maintaining life in a cell. Balance of water and ions is partly linked to excretion, the removal of metabolic wastes from the body. An animal’s nitrogenous wastes reflect its phylogeny and habitat Introduction: Osmoregulation is the control of water content and the concentration of salts in the body of an animal. In freshwater species osmoregulation must counteract the tendency for water to pass into the animal by osmosis. Various methods have been developed to eliminate the excess such as contractile vacuoles in protozoans and kidneys in freshwater fish. Marine vertebrates have the opposite problem; these species prevent excessive water loss and enhance the excretion of salts with short tubules. In terrestrial vertebrates the dangers of desiccation are reduced by the presence of long renal tubules that increase the reabsorption of water and salts. Moreover, an osmoregulator is referred to as the state when body fluids whose concentration is different from that of their environment, so these organisms use up a lot of energy in having to control and gain water. An osmoconformer, is when body fluids with a solute concentration is equal to that of seawater. Furthermore, this report aims to ide ntify the osmoregulator and the osmoconformer of the given species as well as to compare the specific gravity of each body fluid. Materials: As per the BI108 lab 6 handout. Method: As per the BI108 lab 6 handout. Results: Notes: The Malpighian tubules function as an excretory system and aid in osmoregulation. The tubules empty into the alimentary canal, and remove nitrogenous wastes from the insect’s body. These structures were named for an Italian anatomist named Marcello Malpighi, who discovered the tubules in the seventeenth century. In Earthworm (pheretima posthuma), the excretory system is performed by segmentally arranged, microscopic, coiled, glandular & vascular & complicated excretory tubes, called as Nephridia. The Nephridia are found in all segment of the body of earthworm except the first 2 or 3 segment. According to the position & structure of Nephridia in the body, 3 types of Nephridia are found: Septal Nephridia, Pharyngeal Nephridiam and Integumentary Nephridia. The contractile vacuole controls the amount of water in paramecium. Figure 2.0 Discussion: Figure 1.0 displays the graph of specific gravity against concentration for P. lurca and U. coarctata. From the Figure 1.0 it can be seen that P. lurca is an osmoconformer in that the body fluid is equal to the concentration of seawater. Moreover, this means that the body fluid (internal fluid) is the same concentration as that of its surroundings. On the other hand, U. coarctata is depicted in the graph as seen by the plot as an osmoregulator. So, the body fluid has a solute concentration that is different from its surroundings. These suggest and confirm that the hypothesis is correct and it is quite evident as obtained in the results and graph plotted. Similarly, the body fluids collected (extracellular fluids) are known to be denser than water itself. To add on, the dissections of the various arthropods which included the cockroach, sipunculid and also the annelid, the earthworm. Earthworms and sipunculids have structures called nephridia for excretion, whilst cockroaches have mal phigian tubules for excretion. Conclusion In conclusion, in determining which organism was the osmoregulator and  osmoconformer various other structures of numerous arthropods were also studied and analyzed. The hypotheses was indeed proven correct, as the P.lurca is the osmoconformer and U.coarctata is the osmoregulator. Osmoregulation is an important process in any animal as it assists in maintaining stable internal conditions in terms of water content and the concentration of ion soluble contents in any given body. Furthermore, as predicted by obtaining specific gravity would indeed determine the two types of osmoregulation, the organisms P.lurca and U.coarctata displayed different specific gravities that contributed in the decision. Hence, to reiterate, osmoregulation is a vital process that enables an animal’s survival as well as it contributing to the environment. Reference Martin, E. and Hine, R. (2008). Osmoregulation. Oxford Dictionary of Biology. (Web Link: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199204625.001.0001/acref-9780199204625) Bot, C. 2013 Sipuncula, Wikipedia encyclopedia, viewed on 24th September 2014, http://www.wikipedia.org Campbell, N and Reece, J and Mitchell, L and Taylor, M. 2003, Control of the Internal Environment, Biology- Concepts and Connections, Fourth Edition p.506, 507, Pearson Education Incorporation- Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco Hickman, C and Roberts, L and Larson, A I’Anson, H and Eisenhour, D, 2008, Integrated Principles of Zoology, Fifteenth Edition, McGraw Hill. Walker, R. L, 1993 ‘Using crustaceans to illustrate the principles of osmoregulation, Acid- base balance and respiratory physiology’ Tested Studies for laboratory teaching, Volume 7, p-149-178 Yintan 2013, Wikipedia encyclopedia, viewed on 20th September 2014, http://www.wikipedia.org Martin, E. and Hine, R, 2008, A Dicti onary of Biology, Sixth edition, Oxford University, Great Britain. 2013, ‘Biology Notes: ‘Osmoconformers and osmoregulators’ Hadley, D., Malpighian Tubules, About Education viewed on 26th September, 2014 on http://insects.about.com/od/m/g/def_malpighian.htm Science (about Earthworm), (Web link: http://sachit.nepalscout.tripod.com/id1.html) Eukaryotes: Protists and fungi, BSCS Biology, 9 ed. Chapter. 12, pg. 328, viewed on 25th September, 2014 on http://books.google.com.fj/books?id=xC-WGtA7eP8C&pg=PA326&lpg=PA326&dq=contractile+vacuole+in+paramecium+function&source=bl&ots=1mI4GsePJi&sig=Yo2c_8IYaJ4Y XhuZk7RxE2UYDDo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xhklVOXtCY6wogS-p4DYBw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=contractile%20vacuole%20in%20paramecium%20function&f=false

An Effective Nursing Communication Intervention - 1490 Words

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM), which accounts for 10%- 15% of all diabetes, is increasing in prevalence globally. According to Diabetes Australia (2015), diabetes becomes the fastest growing chronic condition in Australia among all other chronic illness such as heart disease or cancer. Although T1DM cannot be prevented or cured at the present as the exact cause of the disease is not yet fully understood, it can be managed with insulin injections or insulin pump (Diabetes Australia, 2015). However, a person with Down Syndrome (DS) and moderate intellectual disability (ID) will face more health challenges managing his chronic illness than those without ID or genetic condition. ICF model will be used to analyse this person’s activities limitation and participation restrictions in the essay. Finally, an effective nursing communication intervention will be applied by the community nurse to educate this 45 year old male to reduce risks of developing complications associated with T1DM. 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